nhfdWbܘ%P:X GX[Єn21 Oct 2003 16:39ffffwbcodenamecountrynamemal94prealmalfalnewTMEcip_IAMATwtdPFALp_IAMATwtd@%36s%36s %8.0%9.0g%9.0g %8.0%9.0g %8.0%9.0g3 letter country namewxTO|AfghanistanaVirgin Islands-?r=& letter country namewxTO|AfghanistanaVirgin Islands-?r=&% of pop at risk of Malaria TransmissionnistanaVirgin Islands-?r=&mal94p * PFALk of Malaria TransmissionnistanaVirgin Islands-?r=&Malaria Ecology, pop-weighted, Sept 2003 versionVirgin Islands-?r=&IAMAT % falciparum cases, grouped into intervalsVirgin Islands-?r=&_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note9IGA=Anthracite, B=Bituminous, S=Sub-bituminous, L=Lignite, U=UnknownR_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note2IGUnits are '000t_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note3IGSource: Atlas of the World Mineral Industry , 1997, Published by Resource map services, Andrew Robertson & Associates, Bredons Hardwick Manor, Gloucestershire GL20 7EE, UK. Tel: +441684 772236 ara@resmap.co.uk]_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note4IGTypes of Coal: From http://www.ket.org/Trips/Coal/AGSMM/agsmmtypes.html We use the term coal to describe a variety of fossilized plant materials, but no two coals are exactly alike. Heating value, ash melting temperature, sulfur and other impurities, mechanical strength, and many other chemical and physical properties must be considered when matching specific coals to a particular application. Coal is classified into four general categories, or ranks. They range from lignite through subbituminous and bituminous to anthracite, reflecting the progressive response of individual deposits of coal to increasing heat and pressure. The carbon content of coal supplies most of its heating value, but other factors also influence the amount of energy it contains per unit of weight. (The amount of energy in coal is expressed in British thermal units per pound. A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.) About 90 percent of the coal in the USA falls in the bituminous and subbituminous categories, which rank below anthracite and, for the most part, contain less energy per unit of weight. Bituminous coal predominates in the Eastern and Mid-continent coal fields, while subbituminous coal is generally found in the Western states and Alaska._dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note5IGAnthracite is coal with the highest carbon content, between 86 and 98 percent, and a heat value of nearly 15,000 BTUs-per-pound. Most frequently associated with home heating, anthracite is a very small segment of the U.S. coal market. There are 7.3 billion tons of anthracite reserves in the United States, found mostly in 11 northeastern counties in Pennsylvania._dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note6IGBituminous: The most plentiful form of coal in the United States, bituminous coal is used primarily to generate electricity and make coke for the steel industry. The fastest growing market for coal, though still a small one, is supplying heat for industrial processes. Bituminous coal has a carbon content ranging from 45 to 86 percent carbon and a heat value of 10,500 to 15,500 BTUs-per-pound._dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note7IGSubbituminous: Ranking below bituminous is subbituminous coal with 35-45 percent carbon content and a heat value between 8,300 and 13,000 BTUs-per-pound. Reserves are located mainly in a half-dozen Western states and Alaska. Although its heat value is lower, this coal generally has a lower sulfur content than other types, which makes it attractive for use because it is cleaner burning.*_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note8IGLignite is a geologically young coal which has the lowest carbon content, 25-35 percent, and a heat value ranging between 4,000 and 8,300 BTUs-per-pound. Sometimes called brown coal, it is mainly used for electric power generation.D_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9ReS_Xijyrdist is great circle yD_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9ReS_str0rdist is great circle 0J_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9ReS_jrvarcodeis great circle varcodeF_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9ReS_verv.2odeis great circle v.2O_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9ReS_iisocode yeareat circle isocode yearX_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note18ldistk = ln(avgdistk)e ldistk = ln(avgdistk)G_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9tisyeark = ln(avgdistk)e yearK_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9iisshcode56ln(avgdistk)e shcode56D_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note0IG1_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note1IGFalciparum malaria index = % of pop at risk of transmission * (falciparum cases/total malaria cases)_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note15gdpppp95 from WDR 1997, gdpppp95 from WDR 1997, except for gdpcia == 1, for which from CIA FactbookX_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note14lgdp95 = ln(gdpppp95)+1lgdp95 = ln(gdpppp95)V_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note12gdplt = gdpppp94/lt4+1gdplt = gdpppp94/ltX_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note11gdpppp94 = nppc*pop94+1gdpppp94 = nppc*pop94\_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note10lhydropc = ln(hydropc +1lhydropc = ln(hydropc +1)b_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note13falcipar from p.98 of CDfalcipar from p.98 of CDC, 1991_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note16airdist is km to closestairdist is km to closest port, of: Los Angeles, New York, Rotterdam, TokyoK_dtaingapore"se(note9note1note9note17ldens95iorld Developmenldens95iAFGYc\wxTO|AfghanistanaVirgin Islands-?r=&==AGOYc\wxTO|Angola??@?ALB\tVx̔wxTO|Albanian EmiratesAuthority^<AREYc\wxTO|United Arab EmiratesAuthority, =, <ݵ<>ARGYc\wxTO|Argentinates Virgin Islandsr:;=ARM\tVx̔wxTO|ArmeniatanaVirgin Islands ף;AUSYc\wxTO|Australiadomslav Rep. of Macedow=AUTYc\wxTO|Austrian EmiratesAuthority:AZE\tVx̔wxTO|AzerbaijanaVirgin IslandsӼ<BDIYc\wxTO|BurundiFaso????BELYc\wxTO|Belgiumn EmiratesAuthorityBENYc\wxTO|Benin??wA?BFAYc\wxTO|Burkina Faso??bA?BGDYc\wxTO|BangladeshaVirgin Islands>6>†@?BGRYc\wxTO|BulgariarzegovinasAuthority;BHSYc\wxTO|BahamasaharaTanzaniaic;BIH\tVx̔wxTO|Bosnia HerzegovinasAuthority;BLR\tVx̔wxTO|Belarusn EmiratesAuthorityQ9BLZYc\wxTO|BelizeaharaTanzaniaic?=z4?=BOLYc\wxTO|Boliviaates Virgin Islands!:=!:<a?>BRAYc\wxTO|Brazilates Virgin Islandsb=b=-!??BRNV̔wxTO|Brunei Darussalamin IslandsO@BTNYc\wxTO|BhutaneshaVirgin Islandsk?>Z=?BWAYc\wxTO|Botswana>>@?CAFYc\wxTO|Central African Republic??A?CANYc\wxTO|CanadaaharaTanzaniaic:CHEYc\wxTO|SwitzerlandrationAuthorityRI:CHLYc\wxTO|Chileates Virgin IslandsCHNYc\wxTO|Chinaiarussalamin IslandsRg!>u<>=CIVYc\wxTO|Cte d'Ivoiretic Republic??A?CMRYc\wxTO|Cameroonaso??RA?COGYc\wxTO|CongosAfrican Republic??NA?COLYc\wxTO|Colombiates Virgin Islands?>(~??COMYc\wxTO|ComorosAfrican Republic@?CPVYc\wxTO|Cape VerdeoXB@CRIYc\wxTO|Costa RicandsTanzaniaic=CUB\tVx̔wxTO|Cuba RicandsTanzaniaic>CYM\ ;wDmwxTO|Cayman IslandsTanzaniaicCYPV̔wxTO|Cyprusarussalamin Islandshm=CZEYc\wxTO|Czech RepublicinasAuthorityRI9DEU\tVx̔wxTO|GermanypublicinasAuthorityQ9DJIYc\wxTO|Djiboutioiretic Republic??~/A?DNKYc\wxTO|DenmarkpublicinasAuthorityDOMYc\wxTO|Dominican Republicaniaic$>?DZAYc\wxTO|AlgeriaT<ECUYc\wxTO|Ecuadortes Virgin Islandsi>iH>rN>?EGYYc\wxTO|Egypttioiretic Republic ?ERIYc\wxTO|Eritreaal GuineaRepublicsC?sC?@?ESPYc\wxTO|SpainiaederationAuthority`=EST\tVx̔wxTO|EstoniapublicinasAuthorityETHYc\wxTO|Ethiopial GuineaRepublic??@?FINYc\wxTO|FinlandpublicinasAuthorityFJIYc\wxTO|Fijialiadomslav Rep. of MacedoFRAYc\wxTO|FrancepublicinasAuthority ;GABYc\wxTO|Gabonial GuineaRepublic??wPA?GBRYc\wxTO|United Kingdomslav Rep. of MacedoGEO\tVx̔wxTO|Georgiaorssalamin Islands. <GHAYc\wxTO|Ghanaal GuineaRepublic??A?GINYc\wxTO|Guineaal GuineaRepublic??nA?GLP\ ;wDmwxTO|Guadeloupepublicaniaic $?GMBYc\wxTO|Gambiaal GuineaRepublic??xA?GNBYc\wxTO|Guinea-BissauneaRepublic??ڬ%A?GNQV̔wxTO|Equatorial GuineaRepublic??TROA?GRCYc\wxTO|GreecepublicinasAuthority<GRLV̔wxTO|GTMYc\wxTO|Guatemalapublicaniaic]>{<2?=GUFV̔wxTO|French GuianaVirgin Islandsu=u=??GUYYc\wxTO|GuyanaGuianaVirgin Islandsj-?$?}?@@?HKGYc\wxTO|Hong Kong SAR (China)slands-@HNDYc\wxTO|Honduraspublicaniaic?=/݄?=HRV\tVx̔wxTO|CroatiarzegovinasAuthority<HTIYc\wxTO|Haitialapublicaniaic??|!>?HUNYc\wxTO|HungarypublicinasAuthorityM<IDN dz$wxTO|IndonesiaSAR (China)slands,?B>K@@?IND dz$wxTO|Indiaong SAR (China)slandsJ*?J>G=?IRLYc\wxTO|IrelandpublicinasAuthorityIRNYc\wxTO|Iran (Islamic Republic of)shm=ISLYc\wxTO|IcelandpublicinasAuthorityISRYc\wxTO|Israelslamic Republic of)sޓ=ITAYc\wxTO|ItalydpublicinasAuthority=JAMYc\wxTO|JamaicapublicaniaicO>JORYc\wxTO|Jordanslamic Republic of)sp_=JPNYc\wxTO|Japanslamic Republic of)sQ:KAZ\tVx̔wxTO|Kazakstanmic Republic of)sk<KENYc\wxTO|Kenya-BissauneaRepublicGX?GX?@?KGZ\tVx̔wxTO|Kyrgyzstanblic ofs Rep. of|;KHM\tVx̔wxTO|Cambodiarussalamin Islands??0* A?KORYc\wxTO|Korea, Republic ofs Rep. ofQ:KWTYc\wxTO|KuwaitRepublic ofs Rep. ofm>LAOYc\wxTO|Lao People's Dem. 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